Ebirimu

Ebisooka

Ennukuta Ensirifu

Ennukuta Empeerezi

Enjogera

Okuyunga Ebigambo

Eby'okwekkaanya

Ebisooka

1. (b) Kyanjulibwa nti amannya ag'ebifo go ganaawandiikibwa mu mpandiika eno empya luvannyuma lwa kuteesaganya ne Gavumenti.

Ennukuta ensirifu (consonants)

Ebyokulabirako:

kucoppa (to be exhausted)

kuconcona (to break up in pieces)

kucapala (to enjoy prosperity)

kucwa (to escape)

Geraageranya:

ecuuma (ewunya) ne ekyuma.

3. Okusinziira ku nsonga eyo y'emu, kyekiva kigambibwa nti: ye ntuufu okukozesebwa okusinga ng'.
[Olwokuba ennukuta eyo tetera kuba ku kompyuta, omuteesiteesi asazeewo nti egenda kuwandiikibwa nga ng' mu kiwandiiko kino! Weegendereze nti okuwandiika ng' oluusi kuva mu kuyunga akagambo nga ku bigambo ebitandika n'ennukuta empeerezi awatali kugenderera kutegeeza nnukuta eyo gye twogerako.]

Ebyokulabirako:

kung'ang'ala (to whimper)

kung'oong'a (to low)

kung'oola (to sneer at).

4. Weewaawo, kyandibadde kituufu mu kugoberera obutuukamu okuwandiika ng' okugikulembeza "g" oba "k" (ng'g, ng'k) (gerageranya mb, ne mp), naye kaakano wano Olukiiko luno lusemba ennukuta zino ez'omu nnyindo ziwandiikibwe nga bwe kibadde: ng, nk, walyoke waleme kujjawo kwawukana n'ennimi endala nga Olunyoro: kubanga mu lwo envuga eya ng' teriimu.

5. Okwawukanako (kyewaggula) ku tteeka ery'okuwandiika ennukuta emu olw'envuga y'eddoboozi emu (laba Na. 2) kujja kukolebwa ku nnukuta bbiri zino "ny" eziwandiikibwa awamu ssonga zitegeeza envuga y'eddoboozi emu yokka (lwa kubanga tewannaba kufunibwawo kabonero olw'envuga eyo eyatulirwa ku kibuno ne mu nnyindo (mu Lungereza ekiyitibwa palata nasal)

Ekyokulabirako:

kunyanyamuka (to wake with difficulty).

6. Ennukuta "r" esaana kuwandiikibwa luvannyuma lwa "e" ne "i" mu kigambo. Awalala wonna "l" esaana okukozesebwa.

Ebyokulabirako:

erinnya (name)

simanyi linnya (I do not know the name).

7. Kyanjulwa nti ennukuta ensirifu (consonants) empanvu era enzigumivu zisaana zoolekebwe nga zo zennyini ziwandiikibwa mu miko ebiri (kinnabbirye): pp, bb, tt, dd, jj, kk, gg, ff, vv, ss, zz, mm, nn, cc, ne ng' [eri ennukuta ey'omunnyindo etali ku kompyuta].

8. Mu nsonga ya "ny", ennukuta esooka yokka ye yeetaaga okuwandiika emirundi ebiri.

Ekyokulabirako:

Kunnyonnyola (to explain).

9. Kyanjulwa nti okuwandiika mu ngeri eno kikusaanira kugobererwe buli kiseera: kwe kugamba nti newaakubadde ebigambo bya Luganda oba ensibuko yaabyo nng'enyi; oba birina binnaabyo eby'ennukuta emu bwe biyinza okutabulwatabulwa oba tebirina. Etteeka lino likwata ku nnukuta ezisooka mu kigambo.

Ekigambo ekikulu ekisaana okwetegerezebwa kiikino: Emirundi egimu ennukuta zino (ez'emiko ebiri) tezaatulwa, n'olw'ensonga eyo tezisaana ziwandiikibwe.

Ekyokulabirako:

atta (he kills); naye nzita; anzita (he kills me)

ekkubo (path); naye amakubo (paths).

Ebirimu

Ennukuta empeerezi [oba enjatuza] (vowels)

11. Obuwanvu bw'empeerezi tebusaana kwolekebwa, mu mpandiika eya bulijjo, empeerezi eyo bw'ekulembera initial oba bw'esemba final mu kigambo, oba bw'ekulemberwa apostrophe[1].

Ebyokulabirako:

ekyo,

ate,

n'ekyo,

ow'omuntu.

Ebyawukana n'etteeka lino (kyewaggula):

yee, n'ebirala ebikifaanana.

12. Obuwanvu bw'empeerezi tebusaana kwolekwa BW'EKULEMBERA ennukuta ez'omu nnyindo nga zeegasse mu ngeri eno: mp, mb, nt, nd, nc, nj, nk, ng, nf, nv, ns, nz, kubanga empeerezi EKULEMBERA bw'egatta okwo bulijjo eba mpanvu.

Ebyokulabirako:

obumpi, akambe, omuntu, kulinda, kuconcona, ennyanja, kukonkona, kubanga, mafunfugu, muwanvu, wansi, mulenzi.

13. Obuwanvu bw'empeerezi tebusaana kwolekebwa OLUVANNYUMA lw'ennukuta "w" oba "y" nga zeegasse ne zinnaazo mu ngeri eno: pw, bw, tw, dw, cw, jw, kw, gw, sw, nw, nyw, ng' [ennukuta yaffe enng'anda etali ku kompyuta], mw, lw, rw, py, by, ty, dy, ky, gy, my, ry; kubanga empeerezi EDDIRIRA okwegatta okwo eba mpanvu mu kigambo wakati era eba nnyimpi ku nkomerero yaakyo.

Ebyokulabirako:

mpanyi, bwabwe, kutwala, eddwaliro, cwacwana, majwanjwa, kukwata, kugwenyuka, kuswala, mwana, kulwana, erwana, mpyoke, byalo, tyetyemuka, kudyeka, mukyala, gyagyo, myufu, lyato, eryato.

Ebitakkiriziganya na tteeka lino (kyewaggula) biri ku Na. 15.

14. Olw'okweyambisa ennukuta ebbiri "ny" ssonga ziraga nvuga ya ddoboozi emu yokka (palatal nasal), okwegatta kw'ennukuta "n" ne "y" kwo kusaana kulagwe mu ngeri eno nÿ.

Ekyokulabirako:

okunÿagumba (to take long strides)

Era wekkaanye kino "nyw" kiraga nvuga ya ddoboozi eya "palatal nasal" nga yeegasse ne "w" -laba: kunywa.

15. Kyewaggula (oba ebyawukana) ku Na. 13: Kubanga empeerezi ejja OLUVANNYUMA lwa "ggw" ne "ggy" etera kuba nnyimpi mu kigambo wakati envuga y'eddoboozi empanvu esaana eyolekwe buli lw'ebeerawo.

Okutuusa kaakano obuwanvu bwakavumbulibwa mu bigambo bino:

eggwoolezo (customs house),
eggwaatiro (peeling place)
eggwiiso (good luck),
eggwaala (musical instrument)
eggwaabi (hashish pipe),
eggwaawaatiro (big wing)
kuggweerera (melt out),
kuggwaamu (get finished)
kiggyaamu (fairly new).

Bigeraageranye ne:

eggwolezo (court house)
kiggyamu (it takes out)

ebirina empeerezi ennyimpi.

16. Okuggyako ebyo ebinnyonnyoddwa engulu, mu nsonga endala zonna ezisigaddewo ez'envuga empanvu ey'eddoboozi ku nnukuta empeerezi nga eri wakati mu kigambo, obuwanvu obwo kibusaanira okwolekebwa BULI KISEERA (mu ngeri ekwatiddwako mu kitundu 10), newaakubadde ekigambo ekyo kirina kinnaakyo eky'empeerezi ennyimpi bwe kiba kiyinza okutabulwatabulwa oba tekirina.

WEETEGEREZE kino nti etteeka lino likwata ku nnukuta zino "w" ne "y" nga buli emu eyimiridde yokka, era ne ku nnukuta zino "ny".

Ebyokulabirako:

wuula, yuuya, nyiiza

Bigeraageranye ne:

wulira, yuza, nyiza

17. Kino kisaana kyekkaanyizibwe nti "yi" ne "wu" tezisaana kukozesebwa luvannyuma lwa nnukuta ensirifu (consonant) olw'okulaga ekikolo oba ensibuko:-

omuti (tree) omuti (coward) sso si omutyi.
Enjatula y'ebigambo ebyo byombiriri efaanana.
kuliika (si kulyika) nga kiva mu "lya". Kino kigeraageranye ne "kuliika" (okusasuza) bwe kifaananya enjatula (kyokka byawukana mu njogera).

Ebirimu

Engeri ebbiri ezikozesebwa aba International African Institute kaakano ze twanjula okukozesebwa buli lwe kinaabanga kyetaagibwa:-

(i) Engeri y'obusittale nga bwolekebwa oluvannyuma lw'ekigambo nga wano:

kugula = _ --

kulaba = --_

(ii) Engeri y'obubonero nga bwolekebwa ku mpeerezi nga wano:

à = kukka kwa ddoboozi;

a = (eteriiko kabonero) ddoboozi lya wakati;

aá = kulinnyuka kwa ddoboozi (eggwanvu);

â= kugwa kwa ddoboozi (erimpi);

Labira ku bino:

kubala (to count), kubàla (kuleeta bibala)

gaágo (gali awo), gago (ggwe nnyinigo).

Ebirimu

EKITUNDU II: ENNYUNNG'ANA Y'EBIGAMBO

Verbs[2] - Obugambo obuzikulembera

A. MU MAASO G'EKIKOLO KYAZO

19. "ndi". Kyanjulwa nti "ndi" kasaana kalowoozebwe nga tense prefix, bwe katyo kayungibwe:

nandigenze

twandigenze

sandigenze

tetwandigenze

wandigenze

mwandigenze

tewandigenze

temwandigenze

yandigenze

bandigenze

teyandigenze

tebandigenze

20. "ka". Kyanjulwa nti "ka" nako kalowoozebwe nti tense prefix era nako kayungibwe:

........naakajja, etc.

21. "ga". Kyanjulwa nti "ga" kasaana kayungibwe ku kikolo kya verb eddirira:

mmaze gakikola,

tumaze gakikola,

kimala galya.

22. "jja". Kyanjulwa nti "jja" kalowoozebwe nti auxiliary verb (verb ennyambi), bwe katyo kayungibwe:-

n(ni)ja kugenda

sijja kugenda

ojja kugenda

tojja kugenda

ajja kugenda

tajja kugenda, n'ebirala.

Obugambo obukulembera[3]

B. MU MAASO GA SUBJECT PREFIX

Ebyokulabirako:

ne ndaba

n'olaba

n'alaba

ne tulaba

ne mulaba

ne balaba

(mmaze) ne sigenda

n'otagenda

ne tutagenda

24. "nga". Kyanjulwa nti "nga" kasaana kawandiikibwe kokka bwe kakulembera ebikolo bya verb era apostrophe yeeyambisibwe ebikolo bwe bisookako empeerezi:

Ebyokulabirako:

nga ndaba

nga siraba

ng'olaba

nga tolaba

ng'alaba nga talaba

nga tulaba

nga tetulaba

nga mulaba

nga temulaba

nga balaba

nga tebalaba

25. "ka". Kyanjulwa nti "ka" kasaana kawandiikibwe kokka bwe kakulembera ebikolo bya verb, era apostrophe yeeyambisibwe ekikolo bwekisookako empeerezi:-

Ebyokulabirako:

ka ndabe

k'olabe

ka tulabe

k'alabe

ka mulabe

k'ojje olabe

ka balabe

k'ajje alabe

ka nzije ndabe, etc.

26. "kye". Kyanjulwa nti "kye" kasaana kayungibwe ku verb gye kakulembedde (awatali kweyambisa apostrophe):-

Ebyokulabirako:

kyenva nzija

kyenje njije

kyajje ajje

kyetujje tujje

kyemujje mujje

kyebajje bajje

27. Object Relative. Kyanjulwa nti object relative (era ne relative y'ekifo n'ekiseera) byawulwe okuva ku kikolo kya verb, era apostrophe yeeyambisibwe ekikolo bwe kisookako empeerezi:-

Ebyokulabirako:

kye ndaba

ky'olaba

ky'alaba

kye tulaba

kye mulaba

kye balaba.

ku lunaku kwe ndituukira

ku lunaku kw'olituukira

ku lunaku kw'alituukira

ku lunaku lw'alituukirako

28. Copula[4]. Kyanjulwa nti copula esaana eyawulwe okuva ku kikolo kya verb, era apostrophe yeeyambisibwe ekikolo bwe kisookako empeerezi:

Ebyokulabirako:

(ekiso) kye kisala (the knife it is which cuts)

(abasajja) be bagenda (the men it is who go)

bwe ntyo

bwe tutyo

bwe mutyo

bwe batyo

gye ndi (here I am)

gye tuli

gy'oli

gy'ali

gye muli

gye bali.

A. Verbs - obugambo obuziddirira[5]

Ebyokulabirako:

tugendanga

nninga (I am as though

olinga

tulinga

mulinga

balinga

30.Kyanjulwa nti "nga" ekungiriza ereme kuyungibwa ku kigambo kyonna ekiba kigiddiridde (oba ky'eba ekulembedde):-

Ebyokulabirako: nga ndabye!

nga tulabye!

nga olabye!

nga mulabye!

nga alabye!

nga balabye!

B. verbs - Obugambo obuziddirira

Ebyokulabirako:

taliiyo,

nvaawo,

nfumbako,

tetwalimu.

Ebyokulabirako:

ndabirwamu (mirror)

ekyokulabirako (example).

32. "wa? ", "ki? ". Kyanjulwa nti obugambo buno tebusaana kuyungibwa ku verb gye buddirira:-

Ebyokulabirako:

ogenda wa?

olya ki?

ogenze wa?

olidde ki?

kiri wa (kiri ludda wa?)

Ekyawukanako (kyewaggula):

"kiruwa" n'ebikifaanana, bwe kiba kye kikozesebbwa mu kifo kya "kiri wa" n'ebikifaanana.

NOUNS[6] - Obugambo obuzikulembera

A. EBIGAMBO

Ebyokulabirako:

bino ebintu

bali abantu

bonna abasajja.

34. Era kyanjulwa nti "buli", "nguli", "wali", ne "wasiga" n'ebirala ebibifaanana, bisaana byawulwe okuva ku bigambo bye bikulembera:-

Ebyokulabirako:

nguli Zimbe

buli muntu

buli w'olaba

buli kanaku

buli wantu

buli kiro

buli ngeri (yonna).

B. OBUGAMBO (PARTICLES)

Ebyokulabirako:

e Kampala

e Buganda

ku Mpigi

mu eno

mu nnyumba

kino kikwata ku buli muntu

kino kikwata ku buli musajja

ku bino ebintu ......

ku ffe, ku bo, mu ffe, mu bo.

w'eno, w'eri

Ebyawukanako (kyewaggula):

e

ewaffe

ewaakyo

ewammwe

engulu

ewaabakyo

emabega

emmanga

ebweru

ennyuma

emugga

wa

waggulu

wabbali

wamberi

walala

emabega (wange)

ku

kubbali

kungulu

kuli

kuno

mu

muno

mumpi

(munda) mugazi

Ebyokulabirako:

Obwannannyini:-

ebintu bya Petero

abaana ba Katikkiro

omwana w'omuntu

mwana wa muntu

ebintu bya buli muntu

ebya Petero

aba Katikkiro

w'omuntu

olw'omulimu.

Nga Adjective[7]:-

(omuntu) ow'ekyeewuunyo

(omuntu) ow'obusungu

(omuntu) ow'obulungi

(omuntu) ow'endali

(omuntu) ow'essanyu

(omuntu) ow'ennaku

(omuntu) ow'ebbango

(omuntu) ow'ettima

(omuntu) ow'engalo

(oluggi) olw'omuti

(ettaka) ery'enjazi

(engoye) ez'ekirangira

(muntu) wa kyewuunyo

(muntu) wa busungu

(ttaka) lya njazi

(muntu) wa ngalo

(muntu) wa kabi

(muntu) wa lugono

(muntu) wa ddalu

(muntu) wa nge (sullen)

(muntu) wa kacca

Nga ekulembedde verb:

olw'okujjukira,

amazzi ag'okunaaba,

lwa kujooga (for bullying) n'ebirala.

Nga eri wamu n'ebyokubala:-

eky'olubereberye,

eky'okubiri, n'ebirala.

Nga eri ne Adverb[8]:-

lwa kubanga,

kya nsonga,

kya mazima (it is true),

kya ddala (it is so),

kya bwereere (it is gratis; it is superfluous),

kya mukisa (fortunately, it is luck),

lwa kisa (out of kindness),

olw'ekisa,

lwa bulungi,

lwa kitiibwa.

Ebibyawukanako (kyewaggula):

AMANNYA (Proper[9] ne Common[10])

Obwakabaka

Oweekitiibwa

Owoomuluka

Owessaza

Oweggombolola

obwannannyini

obwetoowaze

ekyennyanja

ebyendya

ekyendya

ekyemisana

ekyeggulo

ekyekiro

Kino kikwata ne ku ngeri egaana:

sirabye Waakitiibwa,

siridde kyakiro.

Nga eri ne Pronouns[11]:-

kyange, etc.

ekyaboffe,

abaaboffe;

ekyabommwe,

abaabommwe

ekyaboobwe,

abaaboobwe.

Nouns ezimu eziva mu verbs:

Ebyokulabirako:

ebyokulya, ebyokunywa, ebyokunaaba.

Ennaku za sabbiiti (wiiki):

Olwokusooka, Lwakusooka

Olwokubiri, Lwakubiri

Olwokusatu, Lwakusatu

Olwokuna, Lwakuna

Olwokutaano, Lwakutaano

Olwomukaaga, Lwamukaaga.

Adverbs ezimu:

Olwekyo, lwaki, newankubadde (newaakubadde), oboolyawo.

37. Genitive ne Locative. Kyanjulwa nti genitive nayo ewandiikibwe yokka (ne apostrophe buli we yeetaagirwa), bw'ekulembera locative:-

e
bw'e Buganda, ow'ewaffe, ow'emabega, ow'ewala, ow'eggulu.

wa
ekya wansi, ekya waggulu, ekya wali, owa wamberi, owa waggulu, ow'awo.

ku
ez'oku nsozi, ab'oku mwanjo, NAYE eby'okungulu.

mu
ab'omu nsi, ez'omu nnyanja, ab'omu maaso, ow'omunda.

38. "ne", "na". Kyanjulwa nti "ne" ne "na" bwawulibwe okuva ku kigambo kye bukulembera (apostrophe yeeyambisibwe we yeetaagirwa):-

ne Yokaana, n'omuntu, n'abantu, na muntu, na bantu, n'akatono, n'akamu.

Ebiyawukanako (kyewaggula):-

naye, nabo, munnakampala, etc.,
naddala, nagunogujwa, nazikuno, nakuno, nandiki (nantiki), sinakindi.

39. "nga". Kyanjulwa nti "nga" kasaana kwawulibwa okuva ku kigambo kye kakulembera (apostrophe yeeyambisibwe we yeetaagirwa):-

nga Yokaana, nga bo, nga kkumi, ng'abantu, ng'abiri.

40. "kye". Kyanjulwa nti "kye" kisaana kigattibwe mu kyenkana.

41. Copula. Kyanjulwa nti copula esaana eyawulibwe okuva ku noun gy'ekulembera:-

kye kintu, bye bintu, ye muntu, be basajja, kye kimu, kye kiikyo, bye biibyo, etc.

ye nze, ye ggwe, ye ye, be baffe, be bammwe, be (baa) bo.

Ebikyawukanako (kyewaggula):-

kyekiikyo (certainly)

weewaawo (perhaps).

NOUNS: obugambo obuziddirira

42. Obwannannyini obwa 1st ne 2nd person. Kyanjulwa nti obwannannyini mu 1st ne 2nd person busaana bwawulwe:-

abako bo, abako be, abantu bo, abantu be.

44. "yo", "wo", "ko", "mu". Kyanjulwa nti obugambo buno busaana kuyungibwa ku nouns ne adjectives bwe ziddirira:-

kibiibiimu (fairly bad), bulungiko (fairly good).

45. ne 46. Ebigambo ebigattiikirize. Kyanjulwa nti ebigambo eby'engeri eno bisaana kuwandiikibwa nga biri wamu:-

ebigambo: mulundante, magulumpaali, mulyammamba, etc.

amannya: Kitikyamuwogo, Nnyamayaalwo, Aliddeki, Nnyanjeradde, Kalyabulo, etc.

47. Ebigambo ebiddirinng'ana. Kyanjulwa nti ebigambo eby'engeri eno bisaana kuwandiikibwa nga biri wamu:-

okukubaakuba,

okumagamaga,

okumenyaamenya,

okutwalatwala,

okusambasamba,

okumaalamaala,

okufuulafuula, etc.

48. Amannya gano wammanga gakkirizibbwa okukozesebwanga:-

Obubonero bwonna obukozesebwa mu kuwandiika (punctuation marks) busigazza amannya g'Olungereza[12]. Enkozesa yaabwo erikakasibwa Akakiiko ak'olubeerera akajja okulondebwa oluvannyuma[13].

49. Kyanjulwa okuwandiikibwanga Olwassande (Lwassande) mu kifo kya Sunday. Olw'ennaku endala eza sabbiiti (wiiki) laba Na. 36.

Wekkaanye Bino

2. Mu Luganda zino ziyitibwa nnakayogeza oba bikolwa mu Luganda.

3. Mu Luganda obugambo buno buyitibwa obuwakatirwa obukulembera.

4. Mu Luganda akagambo kano kayitibwa Nnakasiba.

5. Mu Luganda buyitibwa obuwakatirwa obuddirira nnakayogeza.

6. Mu Luganda ziyitibwa mannya.

7. Mu Luganda eno eyitibwa Nnakongezalinnya.

8. Mu Luganda eno eyitibwa Nnakongezakikolwa.

9. Mu Luganda gano gayitibwa Amannya ag'enkalakkalira.

10. Gano mu Luganda gayitibwa Amannya aga lukale

11. Mu Luganda zino ziyitibwa Nnakasigirwa:

12. Obubonero obwo kati bulina amannya gano mu Luganda:

Fullstop = akafundikizi;

comma = akawummuza;

quesion mark = akabuuza;

exclamation mark = akeewuunyi oba akakungirizi;

colon = kanjuzi;

semi colon = kamenyi;

apostrophe = akasukkize;

asterik = akazimirizo;

dash = akasale;

slash = akasaze;

quotation/inverted commas = obuwummuza obusulike;

brackets = obukomera;

addition mark = akagatta;

subtraction mark = akaawula/akatoolako;

division mark = akagabi.